The Fact About Broken Bones....

Your bones are tough stuff — but even tough stuff can break.
Like a wooden pencil, bones will bend under strain.

But if the pressure is too much, or too sudden, bones can snap.

You can break a bone by falling off a skateboard or crashing down
from the monkey bars.

When a bone breaks it is called a fracture.

There's more than one way to break or fracture a bone.

A break can be anything from a hairline fracture (a thin break in the bone)
to the bone that's snapped in two pieces like a broken tree branch.

Doctors describe fractures in the following ways:

* A complete fracture is when the bone has broken into two pieces.
* A greenstick fracture is when the bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through.
* A single fracture is when the bone is broken in one place.
* A comminuted (say: kah-muh-noot-ed) fracture is when the bone is broken into more than two pieces or crushed.
* A bowing fracture, which only happens in kids, is when the bone bends but doesn't break.
* An open fracture is when the bone is sticking through the skin.

What Happens When You Break a Bone?

It hurts to break a bone! It's different for everyone, but the pain is often like the deep ache you get from a super bad stomachache or headache.

Some people may experience sharper pain — especially with an open fracture.

And if the fracture is small, a kid may not feel much pain at all.

Sometimes, a kid won't even be able to tell that he or she broke a bone!

Breaking a bone is a big shock to your whole body.

It's normal for you to receive strong messages from parts of your body that aren't anywhere close to the fracture.

You may feel dizzy, woozy, or chilly from the shock.

A lot of people cry for a while. Some people pass out until their bodies have time to adjust to all the signals they're getting.

And other people don't feel any pain right away because of the shock of the injury.

If you think you or someone else has broken a bone, the most important things to do are to:

* stay calm
* make sure the person who is hurt is as comfortable as possible
* tell an adult
* if there are no adults around, call 911 or the emergency number in your area

The worst thing for a broken bone is to move it.

This will hurt the person and it can make the injury worse! In the case of a broken arm or leg, a grown-up may be able to cushion or support the surrounding area with towels or pillows.

One super-important tip: If you're not sure what bone is broken or you think the neck or back is broken, do not try to move the injured person. Wait until a
trained medical professional has arrived!

What Does the Doctor Do?

To treat the broken bone, the doctor needs to know which kind of fracture it is.

That's where X-rays come in handy.

X-rays give the doctor a map of the fracture so that he or she can set the bones back in their normal position.

With breaks in larger bones or when a bone breaks in more than two pieces, the doctor may need to put in a metal pin — or pins — to help set it.

For this operation, you'll get some medicine so you'll be asleep and unable to feel any pain.

When your bone has healed, the doctor will remove the pin or pins.

After your bone has been set, the next step is usually putting on a cast, the special bandage that will keep the bone in place for the 1 to 2 months it will
take for the break to mend.

Casts are made of bandages soaked in plaster, which harden to a tough shell (that's why they last so long!).

Sometimes casts are made of fiberglass or plastic — and some are even waterproof, which means you can still go swimming and get them wet! And sometimes they
come in cool colors or patterns that you can choose.

How Do Broken Bones Heal?

Your bones are natural healers. At the location of the fracture, your bones will produce lots of new cells and tiny blood vessels that rebuild the bone.

These cells cover both ends of the broken part of the bone and close up the break until it's as good as new.

What Should You Do When the Cast Comes Off?

Can you believe they use a saw to remove your cast? The funny thing is this saw doesn't hurt your skin at all.

It might even tickle! Once the cast is off, the injured area will probably look and feel pretty weird.

The body part that was in a cast might look strange at first.

The skin might be pale, dry, or flaky.

Body hair might look darker and the body part itself might look smaller because you might have lost some muscle while it was healing.

Don't worry.

This is all temporary.

Kids are great healers, so you'll be back to normal soon.

In some cases, your doctor might suggest you do special exercises to improve your strength and flexibility.

You'll want to go slow and ask the doctor if there are any activities you should avoid, such as hanging from the monkey bars.

If you want to return to a sport, ask the doctor how soon you'll be able to do it.

How can you be sure you don't break any more bones?

Accidents happen, but you often can prevent injuries by wearing safety helmets, pads, and the right protective gear for your activity or sport.

It's also a smart idea to do what you can to build strong bones. How do you do that?

* Get a lot of physical activity, especially stuff like jumping and running.
* Feed your bones the calcium and vitamin D they need to stay strong. That means getting your share of milk and other calcium-rich foods and drinks, such as broccoli and calcium-fortified orange juice.


Source : http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/aches/broken_bones.html

Broken Bones......

What can you see from the x-ray film?

Not only the tibia bone, the fibula bone also broken! This picture is special to me because it belongs to my dear brother who recently ( 21 August 2009 ) met an accident.

Until now he had undergone 3 operation and still suffering terribly.


This picture taken before the operation ...



A closed-up look of the leg..



Hope that he will recover very soon .....


*** Picture courtesy from my little brother Justsie who had help him much...
View more picture at http://akisagat-biauppr.blogspot.com/

You never know what will happen to you ...

Be prepared!

Out-of-date cosmetics are putting your health at risk

Only one in four women takes any notice of use-by dates on make-up and toiletries.

The rest are putting their health at risk by using old cosmetics for several years, even if they begin to smell or become discoloured, a survey revealed.

Beauty analyst Alexandra Richmond said: 'It is not simply a matter of products no longer performing to optimal standards. Old make-up can be hazardous to our health.

'Like food, cosmetics can expire and become dangerous to use. There may be far more lurking at the bottom of your make-up bag than an old dried mascara.'

Mrs Richmond believes women simply forget when they bought a product and so are more likely to wear it after its use-by date.

Four years ago, rules were brought in by the European Union requiring all cosmetics that could deteriorate after opening to carry advice on when they will expire.

Many manufacturers responded by adding 'Period After Opening', or PAO symbols to packaging.

Customers can simply look for the jar symbol, along with a figure indicating how many months the product will last.



But many ignore this, and continue to use mascaras and eye pencils after their six-month lifespan, according to research by Mintel.

Miss Richmond added: 'These latest findings highlight a lack of information available on cosmetic use-by dates.

'Repeated exposure to bacteria from the mouth affects lip colour cosmetics, while out-of-date mascara and eye pencils can raise the risk of infections.

'Natural and organic products containing fewer or no preservatives have a shorter shelf-life than conventional products and therefore potentially harbour higher levels of bacteria.'

Dr Chris Flower, of the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association, said: 'An area where people have had problems is eye products. I do think PAOs are a help here as eye-area cosmetics can become infected and cause problems for the eyes.'

Source : http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1211047/Out-date-cosmetics-threat-health.html

How a romantic candle-lit dinner can give you cancer

They can add a hint of romance to a meal or make taking a bath a real luxury.

But scented candles can be bad for your health, say scientists.

The smoke produced by many of them is laced with toxins linked to cancer, asthma and eczema.

The odd candle is unlikely to do any harm, but we should avoid using them day after day in bathrooms and other poorly ventilated rooms, say the researchers.

The U.S. researchers burnt a range of candles in the laboratory and collected and tested the substances given off. This showed that those made of paraffin wax, the most common type, released potentially harmful amounts of chemicals such as toluene and benzene.

Some of the pollutants have been linked to cancer, while others could trigger asthma attacks or skin complaints, the American Chemical Society's annual conference heard.

Most of those on sale in Britain, including many scented ones, are made of paraffin wax, a byproduct of the petroleum industry.

Beeswax and soy candles, which are more expensive, were given a clean bill of health in the tests.

Researcher Dr Amid Hamidi, of South Carolina State University: 'An occasional paraffin candle and its emissions will not likely affect you.

'But lighting many paraffin candles every day for years or lighting them frequently in an unventilated bathroom around a tub, for example, may cause problems.'

Dr Noemi Eiser, of the British Lung Foundation, echoed the advice. She said: 'We would like to reassure people that occasional use of paraffin candles should not pose any risk to their lung health.

'However we would advise people to take sensible precautions when burning candles, such as opening a window to keep the room ventilated to minimise the amount of emissions breathed in.'

But Dr Joanna Owens, of Cancer Research UK, said: 'There is no direct evidence that everyday use of candles can affect our risk of developing cancer.'

She said it more important to focus on the risk factors that there was hard evidence for, such as smoking, alcohol, obesity, unhealthy diets, inactivity and heavy sun exposure.

The British Candlemakers' Federation said an authoritative study two years ago concluded that candles, including those made of paraffin wax, did not pose a health risk.


Source : http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/index.html